Today we will present our short
presentation about Psycholinguistics in Linguistics class. I have been studying for two days to
understand it. I have read books about Linguistics, but I get a problem to
understand the book. It is easier for me to google it since I will meet some
articles which are easier to understand.
Psycholinguistics is the
psychology of language. From the name we will conclude that it is a combination
between Psychology and Linguistics. Yes, it is an interdisciplinary between
them. However, it is not a study of the language employed in Psychology field,
but the study of psychological factors that enable human to acquire, use,
understand, and even produce a language. It concerns with the relatioship
between the human mind and the language. It examines the process in our brain
while we are receiving and producing language both in written and spoken.
Psycholinguistics is closely
related to language acquisition. In general, language acquisition means a
process in our brain to produce and use words and sentences to communicate each
others. Usually when we talk about language acquisition, we refer to first
laguage acquisition. It is a process when a baby acquire their native language
or mother tongue. A child does not fluently speak his mother tongue in a short
time. He needs a process which goes step by step in acquiring it.
There are some stages in a
child’s language development. I may characterize the stages differently as any
you will find on other articles. However, I try to analyze them through my own
children.
Babbling and Cooing
It is the next stage after cooing.
Now the babies can produce a kind of vowel sound, for example “aaaaaaa”,
“ooooooo”. In further sub-stage, they will add consonants in them, for example
“babababa” and “mamamama”. This stage takes place at 3-9 months old. They
usually do this when they are in a relax condition or they invite someone to
speak or have a joke with them.
Single Words
It is also called the holophase
stage. It takes place when they are 10-13 months old. In this stage, they are
able to produce a single and a very simple word such as “mama”, “papa”. My
daugher, Filza, can say “mbah” which she meant as “simbah” (a javanese word
referring to grandma) when she was 11 months.
Two Words
This stage occurs in 18 months
old. Here they can produce two words. They usually mean them as a sentence but
not in a grammatically accepted one. It only consists of noun-noun,
verb-adverb, or noun-adverb. Filza in this stage used to say “mama endi?”
(where is mom?) and “dicokot Filza” (something is bitten by her). Of course she
did it not in a clear sound, but is was understandable for the people around
her.
Multi-word Sentences
In the age of 2, children will be
able to utter a sentence consisting of more than 2 words. Usually they are arranged better than in the
previous stage. The words are arranged as Subject-Verb, sometimes added by
adverb or adjective. Again, my daughter is in this age now. She can say, “Filza
cantik kayak mama” (Filza is the same beautiful as mom). In other situation,
she can even say “cepet ma, selak ditinggal papa” (hurry up mommy, daddy will
leave us).
That's all a little thing I can share today. Thanks for reading this article.
References
http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/ss/early-childhood-development_5.htm
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