tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47217565782962436552024-03-05T05:38:16.274-08:00Ms. Manda's PagePrimanda DewantiPrimandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.comBlogger24125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-40145920877903014752014-11-12T04:25:00.000-08:002016-11-27T22:12:02.113-08:00In an English Class<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">One day, in Solo, Central Java, a beautiful teacher started teaching in a class of 32 students.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">The teacher greeted the students and asked them who was absent for the day. Then, she explained that on the day, they would study from a song entitled “The Rhino Song”. She told the students that they would study about how to ask and answer about the number of animals.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The teacher asked the students to pay attention to the first page of unit 11 materials, particularly to Activity 1 of “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Tune Up</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">” activities. She asked the students to fill the cloze lyrics using the words provided in the box. The students did the task and they asked her about the Indonesian meaning of some words. The teacher invited them to check their answer by listening to the song entitled “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">The Rhino Song</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">”. They listened to the song while checking their answer. The teacher, then, invited them to discuss the answer together. After that, the teacher asked them to match the vocabulary list on Activity 3 to the meaning. The students did the task in about two minutes. They discussed the answer with the teacher. She asked the students to state whether statements in Activity 4 are true or false by reading the lyrics.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">After all the Activities in “</span><b style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">Tune in</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">” had been completed, the teacher invited the students to pay attention to her explanation about number and animals. She asked them to have some questions about them. She explained that questions might be initiated by what, who, why, etc. A boy raised his hand and he said, “What is the sound of a chimpanzee?” Other students laughed together. The teacher repeated the question, “What is the sound of a chimpanzee?” The students answered it together by imitating the voice of a chimpanzee. Another student gave the question, “What is rhinoceros food?” The teacher repeated her question, “What does a rhinoceros feed on?” Other students answered it, “Grass. Rumput, ma’am”.</span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/QOvIot-i6rY/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QOvIot-i6rY?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The teacher asked the students to do the task in “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Do the Tasks</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">” section. She invited them to pay attention to Task 1. She asked them to read the instruction and asked some questions if they did not understand. There were no questions from the students. She said, “Do you know what you have to do?” The students answered it, “Yes”. After they had finished doing the task, the teacher appointed some students to answer each number. The students answered most of the numbers well; there was a question which was wrongly answered. “What is the plural form of sheep?” the teacher asked. Some students answered, “Sheeps”, and some of them answered it “Sheeps”. The teacher said, “It is sheep. It is not ‘sheeps’. </span></span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Ada lagi beberapa hewan yang tidak pernah memakai ‘s’. Apa saja?</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">”. The students answered her, “Deer. Fish”. “Very good,” said the teacher. After that, she asked them to answer the question in Task 2. She said, “Now, have a look at Task 2. You have to answer the questions by reading the text. </span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Kalimat jawaban ditulis dalam kalimat lengkap ya. </i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Do you know what you have to do?”. The students said, “Yes”. “How many minutes do you need? Are three minutes enough?” The students answered, “Yes”. After the students finished doing the task, the teacher invited them to discuss the answer together. “How many toes do the rhinoceros have”, she read the question. “It has four toes,” answered the students. They discussed it with the fifth number.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The teacher invited the students to see “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Analyze</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">” part. She asked them to read the instruction of Task 1 and read the example of the dialog. She added, “</span></span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Perhatikan tanda baca ya. </i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Punctuation</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"> itu tanda baca. Dialog itu kalimat langsung, jadi harus pakai tanda petik ya</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">”. The students answered her, “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Ya, </i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">ma’am”. After that, the students did the task by writing the dialogs on the book. “Have you finished?” asked the teacher after three minutes. They answered, “Yes”. The teacher asked some students to practice the dialog in the class without the book.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Next, the teacher asked the students to pay attention to “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Tell Your Friends</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">” part. She read the instruction and said, “</span></span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Tugas kelompok ya, satu kelompok empat orang</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">.” The students grouped themselves in groups of four. Some of them consist of three persons only. She added, “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Kalian harus membuat presentasi kelompok dalam kertas ini</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">,” while distributing a piece of paper to each group. She said, “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Gunakan tabel ini sebagai contoh. Presentasikan bagaimana cara menanyakan dan menjawab tentang menhitung hewan</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">. Any questions?” “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Kalau yang ditulis terserah kita boleh ga</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">, ma’am?” asked a student. The teacher answered, “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Boleh saja. Tapi harus berhubungan dengan jumlah binatang</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">”. She added, “Do you know what you have to do?” “Yes,” they answered. “How many minutes do you need?” asked the teacher. “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Satu jam</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">,” some of them answered. “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Lama banget.</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"> Ten minutes </span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">saja ya</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">,” she said. “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Iya. Sepuluh menit cukup kok,</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">” said a female student while glaring at her friends mentioned earlier. After ten minutes, the teacher said, “Have you finished? </span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Selesai belum</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">?” They answered, “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Sudah dari tadi</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">”, “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Sudah</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">, ma’am”. “Okay. Who wants to start the presentation?” asked the teacher. Some female students of a group raised their hands. “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Satu atau semua</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">, ma’am?” “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Satu saja</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">”. One of them took the presentation and started it. The teacher, then, asked other groups to present what they wrote on the paper. Sometimes, she had to repeat the sentences using acceptable grammar when they uttered unacceptable-grammar sentences.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In the next activity, the teacher asked the students to pay attention to “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Write and Speak</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">” part. She said, “Have a look at ‘Write and Speak’, </span></span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">apa itu artinya</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">?” “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Menulis dan berbicara</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">,” answered the students. “Ya. Jadi, you have to write a dialog with your partner. The dialog shouldn’t be the same with the example in the book. Jelas ya, dialognya tidak boleh sama dengan yang ada di buku,” she added. “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Berapa menit kira-kira? Nanti di</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;"> Task 2, you have to perform the dialog,” she said. “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Buat PR aja</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">, ma’am,” said a student. “<i>Oh tidak bisa</i>. We still have enough time,” answered the teacher. “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Saya sepuluh menit bisa kok</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">,” said a female student. The other said, “</span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Limabelas! Duapuluh</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">”. “Okay, saya tunggu. Jangan lupa tanda bacanya ya </span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Silakan mulai ditulis ya. Mengerjakannya sama pasangannya</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">,” said the teacher. After ten minutes, the teacher asked, “Have you finished?” “Yes. No. </span><i style="font-family: 'times new roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">Sebentar</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 45pt;">,” answered the students together. “Who are ready to perform in front of the class?” asked the teacher. Some students performed their dialog. Some of them were not helped by the book, but some were. Sometimes, the teacher repeated their sentences with acceptable grammar. A student said, “How many monkey in the zoo?” The teacher repeated it by saying, “How many monkeys are there in the zoo”.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The teacher invited the students to conclude </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">the lesson</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> in the day. She said, “</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Sekarang kita tahu bagaimana cara bertanya tentang jumlah binatang.</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> What do we say when we want to know the number of animals?” “</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">How many do you find</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">” “</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Iya. Satu lagi apa?</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">” “</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">How many</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> titik-titik </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">are there</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,” answered them together. “Please, have a look at the Values part. Who can explain to me? Raise your hand,” said the teacher. A male student raised his hand, “</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Ini lho,</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> ma’am. </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Kita harus menyayangi binatang</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">”. “</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Iya</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. One hundred for you. </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Betul sekali ya</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Ada kata</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> poaching </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">di sana. Apa itu</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> poach?” asked the teacher, but no students were able to answer her. “Poach </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">itu berburu liar</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. Can we poach an animal?” “No”, answered them together. “Okay, I think that’s all for today. Thank you for your attention. Good morning all,” said the teacher ending the lesson.</span></span></div>
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Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-17730359985864120832014-11-11T23:39:00.001-08:002016-11-28T00:44:03.933-08:00International English Literature Conference<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On November 5th, 2014, I presented my paper in an international seminar entitled "English Literary Studies outside the Circle". I was very enthusiastic since I was actually interested in literary studies. I took literary analysis as the topic of my thesis at the undergraduate degree. In the seminar, I met some extraordinary persons in literature. My heart was in a tremble when I saw some presentations about homosexuality, feminism, and psychological analysis. I did not present something related to literature at that time; I present a teaching-focused paper. Here are my slides. These are integrated (combined with listening, reading, & writing) teaching steps and the focus of them is speaking.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5PQL0ZFnzxQiz9jJGpPKDdhONbz0YsHGdWXHTwCMWjYN6TbcTkWJUXgIliU1QreebxsvEuxQD8HgGiRTjeoVk8eU-UvRGJX0xsPaUQmuDRISPeW2r0NMvF3KFiIW_ylrzg8KsciEsXU4/s1600/Slide7.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5PQL0ZFnzxQiz9jJGpPKDdhONbz0YsHGdWXHTwCMWjYN6TbcTkWJUXgIliU1QreebxsvEuxQD8HgGiRTjeoVk8eU-UvRGJX0xsPaUQmuDRISPeW2r0NMvF3KFiIW_ylrzg8KsciEsXU4/s320/Slide7.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUNoRHdnHycII3akaz9xCw7fgeDUIdUuEtVjlmD6j-DgUowTFywKdAb17udKbzF3kuapJ_ynk0k-toU235ypoeh-3EIyAa9PQLXWRLIwjOZxA_ebw43Z3ELcEVKFq-qppAZwA37SxBpjk/s1600/Slide12.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUNoRHdnHycII3akaz9xCw7fgeDUIdUuEtVjlmD6j-DgUowTFywKdAb17udKbzF3kuapJ_ynk0k-toU235ypoeh-3EIyAa9PQLXWRLIwjOZxA_ebw43Z3ELcEVKFq-qppAZwA37SxBpjk/s320/Slide12.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The function of this listening activity is to engage my students to be interested in the topic "Woman in Broken Heart" </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhybj6h_OgUrMgmTTPvwzidZh5qiWvifuQA7d_uDCtQebQ296jpPViQHEBGDipujvxE0xlzXDemzoijuuA80icXYuJXAKQYufFna6SGOYZBRvg7GCcPsp0nuenC3dijnxd4B3JkmlAYkb8/s1600/Slide13.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhybj6h_OgUrMgmTTPvwzidZh5qiWvifuQA7d_uDCtQebQ296jpPViQHEBGDipujvxE0xlzXDemzoijuuA80icXYuJXAKQYufFna6SGOYZBRvg7GCcPsp0nuenC3dijnxd4B3JkmlAYkb8/s320/Slide13.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">They understand the content of the song through reading the lyrics.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYxr-7hCGkHKqzlffbdI6w0DTVvU6uzZixLZvC-3SBtCUzCSAn2mQTd93bYNfv5PpyZ8Yco53wh8f-fkhzsAtk5wBIoKCJN0qC-PXOTq2_qc5XBE9tJVh3pECLs-6lj4E3nczt-_2nL2Q/s1600/Slide14.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYxr-7hCGkHKqzlffbdI6w0DTVvU6uzZixLZvC-3SBtCUzCSAn2mQTd93bYNfv5PpyZ8Yco53wh8f-fkhzsAtk5wBIoKCJN0qC-PXOTq2_qc5XBE9tJVh3pECLs-6lj4E3nczt-_2nL2Q/s320/Slide14.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Main activity 1. Speaking in group</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnSTF-q1p8h9iRWC_vyublgeDL64ugRDnhR5Q73q3Hxx9q_rspCF1yr9cj-TfyzxgjXb8dSpJ4VrlHwoeSSI0kYjZjbEvNXjJ6X0S4KObtAm4qh-GudVBIL036bIM1LOGoU_Dy_Nl07uU/s1600/Slide15.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnSTF-q1p8h9iRWC_vyublgeDL64ugRDnhR5Q73q3Hxx9q_rspCF1yr9cj-TfyzxgjXb8dSpJ4VrlHwoeSSI0kYjZjbEvNXjJ6X0S4KObtAm4qh-GudVBIL036bIM1LOGoU_Dy_Nl07uU/s320/Slide15.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Main activity 2. Speaking in class</td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
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</div>
Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-39187195622082247362014-06-06T07:32:00.000-07:002016-11-28T00:34:56.028-08:00"Still Reminds Me" to Teach English<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Have you ever applied <b><span style="font-size: large;">songs</span></b> in teaching EFL? I have a dream that someday I can use songs to teach my students since I find that some students are interested in translating song lyrics better than a text. Most of them are interested in understanding the meaning of a song, especially when the theme is about love. </span></span><br />
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Last semester, I got a very interesting subject on my study: <b><span style="font-size: large;">Discourse Analysis</span></b>. I didn't know before that DA could give pleasure in viewing a string of sentence. But, from the moment I met my lecturer, ibu Diah Kristina, I began to understand that a sentence might give not only one single meaning for the speaker and the listener. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In the end of the semester, she gave us a challenging <b><span style="font-size: large;">final assignment </span></b>to make a lesson plan using DA point of view. For me, it will be much pleasant when I can apply songs to the lesson plan. From some methods of DA introduced to our class, it seemed that Critical Discourse Analysis is a good choice to integrate songs in English teaching.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdRd8QnmADKVeSdH0n00rRcdpNMmPjNI-8dALqz2dk40xrTYyk1PMbDJgW31MwVrIBwG-gGyJt0bm4SpGgjXE1j1Ki1porBtHByNVcmCB8O5kPrE0Jv6c4WkXyFR4zQKr6WV2JPu9iRGU/s1600/DA+cover.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdRd8QnmADKVeSdH0n00rRcdpNMmPjNI-8dALqz2dk40xrTYyk1PMbDJgW31MwVrIBwG-gGyJt0bm4SpGgjXE1j1Ki1porBtHByNVcmCB8O5kPrE0Jv6c4WkXyFR4zQKr6WV2JPu9iRGU/s1600/DA+cover.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cover of the assignment</td></tr>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Here are the <b><span style="font-size: large;">teaching steps</span></b> and the <b><span style="font-size: large;">explanation</span></b>. </span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Preliminary Activities (10 minutes)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher greets the students.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher checks the attendance list.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher reviews the last material.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher explains the objectives of the teaching and learning.</span></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher explains the benefit of the teaching and learning. </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Main Activities (70 minutes)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.25pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">No</span></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 167.15pt;" valign="top" width="223"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Teacher’s Activity</span></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Students’ Activity</span></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Time</span></span></span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.25pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; tab-stops: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a.</span></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 167.15pt;" valign="top" width="223"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The teacher gives questions to the students whether they have ever been in love. </span></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The students answer the teacher’s questions based on their own experience. </span></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5’</span></span></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.25pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; tab-stops: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">b.</span></span></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 167.15pt;" valign="top" width="223"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The teacher plays a song entitled “Still Reminds Me”, distributes worksheets to the students, and discuss the answers. </span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The students fulfill a worksheet about the cloze lyrics of the song and discuss the answers. </span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">10’</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.25pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">c.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 167.15pt;" valign="top" width="223"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The teacher invites the students to a discussion about the song writer’s perception about the woman who just broke her love in the lyrics. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The students analyze the lyrics individually and write their answer on their notebook.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">15’</span></span></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.25pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">d.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 167.15pt;" valign="top" width="223"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The teacher asks the students to make groups of five people to discuss their analysis.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The students discuss the analysis in group and they make a group decision about the lyrics analysis.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">15’</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.25pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">e.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 167.15pt;" valign="top" width="223"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The teacher asks the students to make a discussion with other groups in the class to find the class decision about the reason behind the phenomena of what the woman does.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The students make a discussion in the class to find the class decision about the reason behind the phenomena of what the woman does. They may use PowerPoint presentation.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">15’</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.25pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">f.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 167.15pt;" valign="top" width="223"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The teacher invites the students to end the discussion and leads the class to get the right answer. </span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The students convey their opinion to the teacher and discuss the right answer.</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">10’</span></span></span></div>
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</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Closing (10 minutes)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher summarizes the lesson.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher reflects the teaching and learning activity.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher invites the students to give feedbacks or questions related to the lesson.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher conveys the forthcoming topic/lesson.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The teacher says goodbye to the students. </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/8VsSeKxA2BE?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></b></span></span> <b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Explanation</span></span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 42.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The discourse analysis approach I apply in this teaching plan is </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Feminist Stylistics Approach (FSA)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> by Sara Mills. Following her, I also want to see how females are constructed as the marginalized agents. The material I choose is the song lyrics of “Still Reminds Me” which was popularized by Anggun. I assume that FSA will be interesting, especially for university students. The love theme of the song will also be interesting. I predict that they will pay attention to the woman activities in the song and keep thinking about the phenomena. The technique will lead them to be able to speak English without being aware that they actually learn the language.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">There are </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">six steps</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> I apply for the main activities. The first activity is the teacher asks the students whether they have ever been in love. This activity is applied for brainstorming. Love is a theme which is usually interesting for university students. They are mature enough to receive materials employing the topic. The teacher gives some questions, such as:</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">I saw a very romantic couple this morning in the parking lot. They look very happy. Have you ever been in love?</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Do you have some criteria in selecting someone to be your love?</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">What will you do when you suddenly break your love with the one you love?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">What will a woman probably do when they are in a broken heart?</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There will be several answers to the questions. The students may answer them with what they have experienced or their imagination. The last question (c) will direct them to think about the broken heart women, which will be the topic of the teaching and learning at that day.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In the second step, the teacher plays a song entitled “</span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Still Reminds Me</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">”, and the students have to fulfill a worksheet about the cloze lyrics. The song lyrics in the activity will be their main material.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Besides, it is also used to make them relax since the song is relaxing. The teacher invites them to listen to the song by saying, for instance, “I have a song in my file about a woman who just broke her love with his sweetheart.” She also asks them to fulfill the blanks in the cloze lyrics on their worksheet. The focus of the teaching is speaking. However, listening is involved here because it will be useful to check their accurateness in receiving information and their vocabulary mastery. Without enough vocabulary mastery, they will not be able to write the words correctly.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In the third activity, the teacher invites the students to a discussion about the song writer’s perception about the woman who just broke her love in the lyrics. They are supposed to analyze the lyrics individually. The students are invited to be aware of the phenomena about what a woman usually does when she feels bewildered because of her broken heart. The teacher says, “Now, please pay attention to the lyrics and give underline on them explaining about what the woman does in the situation. What phenomena you can find? Write the possible reason why she does it”. The students work individually in analyzing the lyrics. Hopefully, this activity can be a foundation of the next activity since they are asked to provide the reason behind every single phenomenon. </span></span></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">For example, she cuts her hair because the woman wants a new look on hair to help her release her frustration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In the fourth activity, the students are divided into some groups, and they have to make a group decision about the lyrics analysis. They have to be able to communicate their idea with other persons in the group. Speaking is assessed here. The teacher invites them by saying, “Please make a group of five persons. Based on your individual analysis before, make a group decision. Communicate your idea and your opinion with the other members of the group. In this activity, the students practice two-way speaking in which they state their opinion, agree or disagree with their friends’ idea. Everybody is supposed to speak up.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Next, the students have to make discussion in the class to find the class decision about the reason behind the phenomena of what the woman does. They have to be able to communicate using the ideas which reflect their group idea. It will be a more challenging speaking activity since they are supposed to state their opinion, arguing something with full consideration about politeness and ethics in a discussion. The teacher starts by saying, “Well, has every group got a decision about the woman activities in the lyrics? Let’s discuss the reason behind them. Every group has to present the reasons and others have to give their opinion whether they agree or not. You may also give additional reasons.” Hopefully, this activity can encourage all of the persons to speak up. The spokesperson will present their opinion and other members may help to argue or stating agrees to other groups’ answers. In this activity, they are also allowed to use PowerPoint presentation. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Finally,</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> the teacher invites the students to end the discussion and leads the class to get the right answer. The activity is important to answer their curiosity about what a woman does when experiencing a broken heart. The teacher started the final discussion by saying, “Why does the woman cut her hair and polish her nails? Does woman like applying make-up? Is there any psychological reason behind it?” In fact, the focus of the activity is not the answers, but how they speak their idea to others. They are also invited to state their opinion politely and in an academic manner. This is the time for the teacher to provide the </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Culturally, </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">the activities can encourage the students to be aware that the song provides some activities which are usually done by a woman in English-speaking country. Although the song singer is originally from Indonesia, it provides non-Indonesian original activities, such as using make-up and having parties. Another cultural implication is that they are supposed to speak using English culture. As everybody knows, some Indonesian students speak English by using Indonesian culture. The activities presented in the teaching plan can provide some knowledge and practice to them that English is a language with different culture. To state that we do not agree with someone’s idea, for instance, it is not suggested to state, “I don’t agree with your opinion,” but it is better to change the culture of the language to be, “Yes, I agree to a point, but I have a different opinion.” They also present that to state an opinion, we should not always use “In my opinion” all the time, but we can vary the introductory phrase using other chunks, for instance, if you ask me, personally I think, etc.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">For the institution, applying the activities is one of the effective ways to teach speaking with an integrated method. All language skills are involved here. Listening is applied when the students listen to the song and find the answer for the cloze lyrics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, when they are discussing, it can be seen whether their respond is comprehensive or not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As everybody knows, a comprehensive respond is one of the indicators that someone listens and understands the utterance before. Reading is involved when they have to read the lyrics and analyze them. Importantly, they practice critical reading in which they read and focus on the problem without being aware that they are learning English. Writing is also involved since in every single step, they cannot avoid writing. In the listening activity and discussion activity, writing will help them to memorize. It also helps them to rehearse the accurateness of their writing when they present their opinion using PowerPoint presentation, for instance. Obviously, although the focused skill is speaking, a material can be taught using integrated method if it is well prepared.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">That's all some copy of my work taken from DA final assignment.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">Thanks for reading :)</span></span></span></div>
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Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-57873514936114752372014-05-21T01:20:00.003-07:002014-05-21T01:25:46.252-07:00I'm Thankful<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Hello, dear readers. It's been a long time for me not to write in this blog. Am I busy? Yes, a little bit. It's because I spend most of my time in front of my computer thinking about my thesis. Sometimes, I have to write something, but all I do is just being confused. Yeah, I'm a little confusing recently hahaa....</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Have you ever learned English using songs? I'm quite sure that most of you will say "Yes". I myself also learned it using songs some years ago. I can say that using songs is an effective way to learn English since it can rehearse our ears to listen more, it can enrich our vocabulary, & it can provide us with a good constructed sentences with languages that we have never heard before in our English lesson at school. We can also learn to pronounce a word accurately. </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There is a song I love to listen recently. Perhaps, it's because I use this song for my thesis. My thesis title is "Developing song-based supplementary materials..."; I try to develop a set of materials which are song-based. I believe that songs can be used to learn English well as I experienced several years ago. Here is the song.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/tIEcqWTk1Sw?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The song really reminds us that we need to thank God for every single blessing coming to us. This is the complete lyrics of the song.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I'm Thankful</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m
thankful for my friends<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For
friendships without end<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m
thankful for my family<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m
thankful for being loved<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For
this world that I’m part of<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m
thankful for all that’s given me<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m
thankful for the caring<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Thankful
for the sharing<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Thankful
for each and everyday<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m
thankful for being loved<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For
this world that I’m part of <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m
thankful and I just want to say<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m
thankful we’re together here today<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">As I for one, the song can be used to teach moral character to our students. They can be asked to translate the song into Indonesian, construct some jumbled words taken from the text, or make a dialogue based on the situation given. It is also in line with the sub-topic in the new curriculum (2013 Curriculum). The curriculum says that students should be able to thank to other persons. Related to the fact, the song can be used as a </span></span><span style="line-height: 18.399999618530273px;">triggering situation for them to do some further activities. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">That's all for today. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Regards,</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Manda </span></span></div>
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Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-30968127881793208322013-07-23T04:37:00.000-07:002016-11-28T00:39:13.393-08:00 The Application of Moral Value in Scientific activities<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 23.9999866485596px;"><b>(Primanda Dewanti)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">As every body knows, science has given many benefits for the human. Our daily life nowadays has been very different compared to the life taken place some years or centuries ago. Human has developed science in such a way that everything seems easy to do. The next coming question is that: is there any regulation for them to do so? Can they expand science more and more in a free way without afraid of something? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Amsal Bakhtiar (2012: 162) gives a very critical question related to the matter; is knowledge always a blessing and life-saver for human being? He states it from the example that the making of bomb which was firstly dedicated to make humans work become easier and easier has given a negative effect for themselves. According to him, science has to be placed proportionally and based on good and humanistic value, unless there will be a damage as the result of careless usage of it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Furthermore, he divides scientists into two groups. The first group believes that science is free of value. In this respect, the scientists’ part is merely find out the knowledge and they give freedom to the persons employing it. They can freely apply it both for good and bad intention. The second group believes that science neutrality is only in the metaphysical scope. This group believes that the application of science must be based on moral values. This group’s opinion is based on the some factors. First, science has been employed destructively, for example, the world war some years ago applied scientific technology to attack each others. Second, science has been developed and becomes more and more esoteric, so many scientists nowadays know what will happen when it is misused. Lastly, science is getting more and more developed, as it seems possible to change human himself such as using genetic engineering (Amsal Bakhtiar, 2012: 169). By so doing, in relation to moral, science has to be dedicated for good deed and without changing human and humanistic value. In doing so, ethical awareness is highly required in the form of code of ethics.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLoAbjcK075EGeMRrc4Rem8BdGplLYFFnZZ0R8l4TEw_4RnMUNLFfgvSOz7rPG4xLVv21A1Fk2bVUqfPjsXIa7yLfQat6Al71MGkpiwuTm_wfEHa3kM3rxhWcoiecreNncyIetdE8B3G8/s1600/code+of+ethics.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLoAbjcK075EGeMRrc4Rem8BdGplLYFFnZZ0R8l4TEw_4RnMUNLFfgvSOz7rPG4xLVv21A1Fk2bVUqfPjsXIa7yLfQat6Al71MGkpiwuTm_wfEHa3kM3rxhWcoiecreNncyIetdE8B3G8/s320/code+of+ethics.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Code of ethics, also called as scientific ethics, is needed to apply in science. Scientific ethics is a normative ethics which proposes rationally reliable ethical principle and can be applied in science (Amsal Bakhtiar, 2012: 170). It is also a moral reference for the development of science (Muhadjir, 1998: 148). A code of ethics provides a framework for ethical judgement (the incentive to do the right thing) by a scientist or engineer (Martin and Schinzinger in Speight and Foote, 2011: 158). In other words, scientific ethic may refer to a normative ethics which include moral as a fundamental base for human in applying science.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The intention of code of ethics is that a scientist can apply moral principles in every single activity he is included in. It is hoped that he can select good principles and avoid the bad ones so that he can be someone who is responsible for the science he is interested in. Without applying this kind of norm, he can be free in doing his unconstrained preferences in research (Speight and Foote, 211: 157). In other words, it can be concluded that code of ethics is a kind of rule or regulation to limit the scientist in order that he always walks in line with moral values.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Annas (in Speight and Foote, 2011: 184) states that a code of ethics is adopted by a society or by an organization in an attempt to assist the society membership when called upon to make a decision, to understand the difference between correct actions and incorrect actions, and to apply this understanding to their decision. It should be developed in all scientific disciplines. It is usually related to work although the code may also focus on social issues. It also includes the general principles about the belief of the society on matters such as:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mission or statement</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">the quality of work</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">the standard of behavior toward others</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">d.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">privacy</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">e.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">the environment (Speight and Foote, 2011: 185).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There are some requirements of a relevant code of ethics. The scientist should not reject the considerations in it since it also means that he also sacrifices his professionalism. Davis and Stark (in Speight and Foote, 2011: 186-187) propose that it should offer the following considerations:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">it has to be clear and consists of unambiguous advice</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">it has no opportunity for someone endorsing the opposite course of action also uses the code to support his choice</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">the different guidelines within the code should not give conflicting guidance but guidelines should point the same outcome</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">the professional code of ethics should not conflict with the individual moral compass of the scientist and/or engineer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Some fields of study have already arranged their codes of ethics. This paper will mainly give the examples of code of ethics manifestations as follows:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq6nrPp6T9bknGjv72ZyugDBgtE8Jh3KrjXgneVTeGqhDf4de8TdQzbaQeFbG7gBx0HLnXpMAOk8LfyOFqdyg3HYHZ2BEBVGlIb20NkyndahhbIoCpAD6HuiIskcyaHfJif_u3hkV7n6Q/s1600/code+of+ethics+manifestation.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq6nrPp6T9bknGjv72ZyugDBgtE8Jh3KrjXgneVTeGqhDf4de8TdQzbaQeFbG7gBx0HLnXpMAOk8LfyOFqdyg3HYHZ2BEBVGlIb20NkyndahhbIoCpAD6HuiIskcyaHfJif_u3hkV7n6Q/s320/code+of+ethics+manifestation.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Code of Ethics in Biotechnology</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">It has been explained that cloning is a technology that needs a moral awareness. In <i>General Ethical Guidelines for Biotechnology Research</i> (HPCSA, 2007) it is stated that cloning, as its strictest sense, means a precise genetic copy of a life form. There are two kinds of it: reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning is the manipulation of genetic material in order to achieve the reproduction of a human being and includes nuclear transfer of embryo splitting for such purpose. Meanwhile, therapeutic cloning involves the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer where the nucleus from adult cell is injected into a human ovum of which the nucleus has been removed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Reproductive cloning is not allowed. It is based on one of some points in prohibited and unethical practices in relation to cloning in the guidelines. It is stated that clinicians and researchers must not engage in any activity, including nuclear transfer or embryo splitting for the purpose of reproductive cloning of a human being. It is now clear that human cloning is illegally allowed. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Code of Ethics in Nuclear</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A publication emphasizing on the suggestion to establish a code of ethics in nuclear operation has been published by International Atomic Energy Agency. It is explained about the importance of creating a code of ethics in the countries which employ nuclear operation. The handout becomes an international standard for some countries which have a nuclear organization in it. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IAEA (2007: 13) gives a guide about minimum content for a code of ethic for nuclear industry as follows:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Preamble to introduce the code</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">It should be emphasized that code of ethics in an organization includes honesty, integrity, and fairness. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The embodiment of the commitment is</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Health and safety</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 85.65pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Openness and honesty</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bribery and corruption</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Social responsibility</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 85.65pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Personal behavior</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Code of Ethics in Medical Field</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1FsbNIKPzERhDKfYdLiwF8vyati2mNd9PJbYbOxNYAr1JVSqTlp7QFnYl5p2S5ApuxOEAvFhB8bg83nZbziLBkGWgU8NFu-4JPcl7U4RxaoWy7PunIY60tzaos4dpV9q65jNwsloKhik/s1600/manifestation+in+medicals.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1FsbNIKPzERhDKfYdLiwF8vyati2mNd9PJbYbOxNYAr1JVSqTlp7QFnYl5p2S5ApuxOEAvFhB8bg83nZbziLBkGWgU8NFu-4JPcl7U4RxaoWy7PunIY60tzaos4dpV9q65jNwsloKhik/s320/manifestation+in+medicals.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The medical field is a nearly close thing to us. One of the professionalism medical fields is by establishing a code of ethics in it. Every single doctor and other medical supporting persons have to obey it. When there is someone who neglects it and does a violation of it, he may be sent to court. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In the code of ethics, it is stated that a doctor must honest in relation to his patients and colleagues. He also has to do efforts to remind his colleagues who have lacks in competence or who are trying to cheat the patients (MKEK-IDI, 2006: 3). The regulation has been written in the code of ethics. It means that if there is a fault caused by doctors, the patients can bring them to the court or at least, ask a compensation from them.</span></div>
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Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-21553588744694524392013-07-20T17:56:00.000-07:002013-07-20T17:56:09.541-07:00"We're millionaires!"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;"><b>Try to fill in the blanks without looking at the answer keys!</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">(Bayes in Paris)</span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">In August 1999 three friends, Jacques Proust, Guy Fadat, and Francois Leclerc, ______ on holiday in the town of Laraque in France. On Sunday they ______ shopping in he market and they _______ a dirty, old painting of the Virgin Mary. They ______ it for 1,400 francs and they ______ it to Paris. In Paris, an expert said that the painting was by Leonardonda Vinci and it ______ worth 500,000,000 francs. The man in Laraque market _____: 'I was happy to sell the painting but now I'm very upset. I don't want to think about it!'</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">*********************************</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-size: xx-small;">Answer keys:</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-size: xx-small;">were, went, saw, bought, took, was, said</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #cc0000;">Taken from <u>New Headway by Liz and John Soars</u></span></div>
Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0Surakarta, Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia-7.5666667 110.81666670000004-7.6925922 110.65530520000004 -7.4407412 110.97802820000004tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-24266647465095694152013-07-20T17:21:00.005-07:002013-07-20T17:21:52.155-07:00A red, red rose<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">(Robert Burns)</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">O my luve, is like a red, red rose,</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> That's newly sprung in June.</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">O my luve is like the melodie</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> That's sweetly played in tune.</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> So deep in luve am I,</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">And I will luve thee still, my dear,</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> Till a' the seas gang dry.</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> And the rocks melt wi' the sun!</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">And I will luve thee still, my dear,</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> While the sands o' life shall run.</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">And fare thee weel, my only luve,</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> And fare thee wel awhile!</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">And I will come again, my love,</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> Though it were ten thousand mile!</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">*************************************</span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">Siswantoro. 2002.<i> Apresiasi Puisi-puisi Sastra Inggris</i>. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br /></div>
Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-72120656274833507842013-07-20T17:07:00.001-07:002013-07-20T17:07:32.704-07:00Grammar Exercise 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">What do you think of Grammar?</span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Is it important to study it?</span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> Yes, of course. It is very important, especially for those who want to study abroad in English speaking country. Here are some questions on Grammar that were given by my dear lecturer, Mr. Martono. He is a lecturer in UNS. Let's try to do them :)</span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">**************************************************************</span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Though sporadic interest in regional dialects
_____ for centuries, the first large-scale systematic studies did not take
place until the nineteenth century.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(A) has existed </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B)
it existed <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C)
has it existed </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D)
existing with it<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">__________irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general
antiseptic has been largely discontinued.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A)
Its </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(B) Because of its</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) Since its </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: purple;">(D)
Where its</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span style="color: purple;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Since _____ commercial risk, it has to appeal
to a large audience to justify its cost.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A)
the face of the movie </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) moving faces<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(C) a movie faces </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D)
to face a movie<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Because of the Aleuts’ constant exposure to cold weather, they have long
recognized __________ .</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A)
and body needs to be fat </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) body
needs the fat<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(C) how fat the body
needs </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; text-indent: 9.75pt;">(D) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; text-indent: 9.75pt;">the body’s need for fat</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; text-indent: 9.75pt;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pressure</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> differences make the eardrum vibrate _____
the ear.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A)
enters the sound waves </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) as
sound waves<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C)
sound waves enter </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) as sound waves enter<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">When ____ people who irritated him, the
columnist was bitter and even splenetic.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A)
in discussion </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B)
his discussing <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(C) he discussed </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) being discussed <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">With _________________ of sophisticated oil
lamps, elaborate tools were made to cut the wicks.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) appeared </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(B) the appearance </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) the appearance was </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) it appeared<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Because a family of birds set up housekeeping
in Joel Chandler Harris’s mailbox when the birds were in need of a place to
stay, ___________ the Wren’s Nest.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(A) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">the
home is named</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) <u>so</u>
the home is named</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C)
naming the home </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) the
home’s name<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">______ they rely on external sources of warmth,
amphibians in cool regions hibernate through the winter<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(A) Because</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) By reason
of <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C)
Due to </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D)
Since that<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">_____ were first
used in electrical power production, it was necessary to add super-heaters,
because turbines work best with high-pressure steam.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) Steam turbines </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(B)
When steam turbines</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) For steam turbines </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) The steam turbines which<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">A majority of people in the United States can get all the calcium their
bodies __________ from the food they eat.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(A) requiring</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) requires <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(C) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">require</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) to
require<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">_________________,
they pick up fragments of rock which become frozen into the base of the ice.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) Glaciers move </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B)
Glaciers moving <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) They were glaciers </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(D) As
glaciers move</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">During adolescence
many young people <u>begin</u> to question __________ held by their families</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">.</span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) values </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(B) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">of the values</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(C) the values are</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D)
are the values<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">14.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Vaporization in connection with general
___________ has a marked effect on long – term climate.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) atmospheric conditions that </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(B) atmospheric conditions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) are atmospheric conditions </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) conditions are atmospheric<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">15.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Scientists think
___________ helps some tree to conserve water in the winter.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) when losing
leaves </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) leaves are
lost<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(C) that losing leaves</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D)
the leaves losing<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="q" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">16.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">_______________ to
inanimate objects, such as machines, is a form of animism.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) When attributing emotion </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) If emotion is attributed<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) Emotion is attributed </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(D) Attributing emotion</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">17.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> human skin forms
_________ against the action of physical, chemical, and bacterial agents on the
deeper tissues.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) how protective a barrier is </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) and which a barrier protects<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) a barrier protects </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) a protective barrier<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">18.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Medical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">
research at the cellular level, _________ research on the immune system, has
been made possible through twentieth-century advances in techniques of genetic
research.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) which </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B)
whereas <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(C) such as </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) is also<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">19.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">_____________ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">a lonely and
rugged life, far from home and family.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(A) Wherever the early prospector lived </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(B) The early prospector lived</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) Not only did the early prospector live </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) The early prospector living<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">20.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">_________</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">,
particularly the oxides of sulfur, greatly increases the rate at which rust
forms.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">(A) The presence of air pollutants </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(B) Air pollutants are present<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(C) Because the presence of air pollutants </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;">(D) Air pollutants whose presence</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">***********************************************************</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">Taken from Advanced Grammar by Mr. Martono.</span></div>
</div>
Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-63932447371072766002013-07-19T17:09:00.000-07:002016-11-27T21:29:46.484-08:00The Importance of Pronunciation in English School Books<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Primanda Dewanti</div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pronunciation is one of the most important language elements for students in studying English. Ideally, teachers should provide activities which can improve students’ pronunciation. However, most of the school teachers nowadays do not pay much attention to it, so that they rarely provide pronunciation-improving activities. Pronunciation is merely inserted in the school curriculum in the speaking skill. Furthermore, only a few school books provide it. This article will attempt to see about (1) the definition of pronunciation and its aspects, (2) why English teachers neglect it, (3) how to solve the problem, and (4) what activities can be involved in school books. Hopefully, the article provides enough information for students, teachers, and the policy maker of curriculum that pronunciation is very important in English learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Keywords: pronunciation, school books.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pronunciation is one of the most difficult problems faced by English learners in Indonesia. Some students do not pronounce every single English word correctly since they may not be confident to do it. Sometimes, they speak too fast which make their pronunciation unclear. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pronunciation teaching in Indonesia is regarded to be poor. The students are not provided by proper pronunciation. Also, book writers tend to write course books without involving pronunciation in it. In accordance with the idea, Martono (2013) says that “That pronunciation is one area of teaching which is often neglected is true. This is evident in the way that pronunciation is treated in most course books used by Indonesia learners, only a few of which have regular pronunciation activities in the units.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What is </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">p</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ronunciation and </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">what are i</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ts </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">spects?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pronunciation refers to “the ability to use the correct stress, rhythm, and intonation of a word in a spoken language” (“Pronunciation”, 2013). Meanwhile, Merriam-Webster dictionary gives definition about it as “the act or manner of pronouncing something” (Merriam-Webster.com). In other words, pronunciation can be said as how a word is pronounced with the correct stress, rhythm, and intonation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kenworthy (1998, p. 9) suggests some aspects of pronunciation:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1. Sounds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">English has different sounds from Indonesian. Indonesian tends to make the sound the same as it spells. For example, the word ‘author’ should be pronounced /’ ɒθəɾ/ instead of /’ɒðəɾ/. The activities can be performed by drilling exercises. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2. Combination of Sounds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">English consonants are different from Indonesian. They tend to have a consonant cluster. Kenworthy gives example on the word salt. The word is ended by two consonants. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3. Linkage of Sounds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">English people speak without pausing on each word. They move smoothly from one word to the next (Kenworthy, 1998: 9). Meanwhile, most of Indonesian teachers and students pronounce words in sentence separately each other.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4. Word Stress and Rhythm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">English has different stress and rhythm from Indonesian. Indonesian tends to have the same weight in each syllable, making the rhythmic pattern appear to be syllable-timed (Martono, 2013). English words are pronounced with different stress respectively. Nouns tend to be stressed on the first syllable and verbs tend to be stressed on the second one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5. Weak Forms and Sentence Stress<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Every single English word has stress on each syllable. However, when combined with other words in a sentence, certain words will have weak forms and are pronounced as schwa /ə/ sound. For example, the word ‘just’ /d͡ʒʌst/ in a sentence will be pronounced /d͡ʒəst/.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6. Intonation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Intonation refers to the pitch changes (Martono, 2013). Improper intonation will result in a monotonous utterance. It can also lead to misperception for a person someone is talking to. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Why do English teachers neglect it?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">To start with, some people from non-English speaking countries, including Indonesia, find that it is difficult to have a good pronunciation in English. Laroy (1995, p. 7) says that “People from some language backgrounds think it is unimaginable for people from their culture to pronounce English well, and often reinforced by prejudices and stereotypes”. It is believed that some people from certain languages provide English pronunciation well, but some others do not. Some teachers and students in Indonesia do not try to pronounce well since they still believe such kind of view.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Most of English teachers in Indonesia nowadays neglect it. There are some factors going to analyze. Martono (2013) mentions some reasons in line with the fact: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">First, many aspects of pronunciation are difficult to teach (or at least that is the perception of most teachers). Secondly, unlike a grammatical or functional area of language, it can be quite difficult to build a lesson around pronunciation point and therefore such points are add-ons to a unit in a coursebook or a lesson in the class. Thirdly, teachers often feel underprepared to teach pronunciation and many seem to struggle to learn the phonemic alphabets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It can be concluded, then, that pronunciation is not something simple. It needs support in material, lesson plan, and also teaching technique in the classroom. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another cause that may give influence on it is that government seems not to support the teaching of pronunciation in Indonesia. It can be seen from the competency standards on the ongoing curriculum. One of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">he competency standards of speaking in Standar Isi says, “Mengungkapkan makna dalam percakapan transaksional dan interpersonal sangat sederhana untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan terdekat.” As an element of speaking skill, it is not described very clearly both in the standard itself and also in the indicators. As a result, the material books written by some authors will focus on the ability to utter a phrase or sentence regardless the proper pronunciation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Related to the school curriculum, there are some competencies standards in a semester. They involve four skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Each standard is divided into some basic competencies. Furthermore, every single basic competence is described into some indicators. Most of the topics are about genres and expression, both spoken and written. The materials must be taught to the students four periods in a week in which a period lasts for forty minutes. It means that for a period, the teachers have to teach an indicator. To acquire an indicator may be difficult for some students. In an indicator, they have to master a certain skill accompanied by grammar and vocabulary. Pronunciation merely accompanies speaking skill. It can be seen that pronunciation has the only little place in the teaching and learning. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">How to solve the problem?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There are many things can be done to solve the problem. One way suggested by the writer is that a regular course focused on pronunciation for English teachers. The program has to be held regularly. In the implementation of the course, a good pronunciation trainer, a native-like speaker, is really required in this program. As everybody knows that pronunciation teaching needs a model to imitate, a model with improper pronunciation will lead to improper imitation. Also, the trainer has to be able to describe some aspects of pronunciation which are the places of articulation, the manners of articulation, and voicing of a phoneme.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The second thing that can be applied is that involving pronunciation in the school coursebooks. Most of the coursebooks have provided materials about English skills and its elements: grammar and vocabulary. As an important element in English, it is necessary to provide material about pronunciation in every single unit of the book in order to make both teachers and students to consider it as an important element of English teaching. The material can be provided in the form of phonetic transcription and also in the form of cassette/CD. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What Exercise can be involved in School books?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1. Matching Games<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Matching games can be done by certain sentences with the sentence stress. In this case, the book can provide a column filled with utterances and another with the sentence stresses. For example, below is a list of utterances given by Yates (2002) with the stress pattern:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I’ve finished<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I’d love to - — -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Don’t worry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Keep quiet — — -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2. Jazz Chants<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Jazz chants are being very popular nowadays in teaching pronunciation. They have been practiced in many other countries. Jazz chants refer to rhymic spoken chants that can be done in the class (Yates, 2002). It can be used to rehearse students to have good intonation in English. Yates also gives some example of the chants:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I’ve got a new watch - — - - —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">So have I — - — <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">And I’ve got a new house - - — - - —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">So have I — - —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3. Song-based pronunciation exercises.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Laroy (1995, p. 119) gives an example of activity using a song. The activity, then, should be changed into a material by the song entitled ‘London Bridge’ written in the book. This kind of activity can correct students’ improper pronunciation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pronunciation should not be neglected in English teaching in Indonesia. It has the same importance as other English elements. To acquire good pronunciation, both teachers and students nowadays have to apply many techniques deal with it. The government should also help them by involving it into the curriculum and make it as a compulsory element to master for students of schools. In line with the idea, some pronunciation activities can be involved in English school books such as games, jazz chants, and song-based exercises.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kenworthy, J. (1998). Teaching English Pronunciation. Malaysia: Longman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Laroy, C. (1995). Series editor: Alan Maley. Pronunciation. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Martono (2013) The Importance of Pronunciation Teaching in Achieving Successful Oral Communication. Proceedings International TEFL Conference. Surakarta: English Education Department UNS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pronunciation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(2013). Wikipedia.org. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pronunciation. Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pronunciation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Yates, Linda. (2002). Fact Sheet — Teaching Pronunciation: Approaches and Activities. Retrieved from http://www.nceltr.mq.edu.au/pdamep<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-6501810059799674042013-07-19T16:58:00.001-07:002013-07-19T17:01:13.983-07:00Tenses<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Assalamu'alaikum.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Good morning, everyone! I hope you're doing well.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>This is my first post in Ramadhan. In this post, I want to write about tenses.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Some people say that tenses are very difficult to learn. Indeed, they are right. Tenses are difficult. However, we can learn it easily by breaking down the aspects of each component in a tense.</b></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>1. Present -----> S+ V1</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>2. Past ---------> S+V2</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>3. Future ------> S+will/shall+Vo</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>4. Perfect ------> S+have/has+V3</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>5. Continuous--> S+to be+Ving</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Now what formula do you want to know?</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Present perfect tense</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>S+have/has+been+Ving (must be followed by since___ or for___)</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>eg. I have been watching TV since 2 o'clock.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Past perfect tense</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>S+had+V3 (to indicate something that had been accomplished in the past time)</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>eg. I had washed the car when you called.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>That's all for today.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>See you on the next post!</b></span></div>
Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-77517894972055279722013-05-17T11:52:00.002-07:002013-05-17T11:52:29.841-07:00Psycholinguistics: Language Acquisition<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Today we will present our short
presentation about Psycholinguistics in Linguistics class. I have been studying for two days to
understand it. I have read books about Linguistics, but I get a problem to
understand the book. It is easier for me to google it since I will meet some
articles which are easier to understand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Psycholinguistics is the
psychology of language. From the name we will conclude that it is a combination
between Psychology and Linguistics. Yes, it is an interdisciplinary between
them. However, it is not a study of the language employed in Psychology field,
but the study of psychological factors that enable human to acquire, use,
understand, and even produce a language. It concerns with the relatioship
between the human mind and the language. It examines the process in our brain
while we are receiving and producing language both in written and spoken. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Psycholinguistics is closely
related to language acquisition. In general, language acquisition means a
process in our brain to produce and use words and sentences to communicate each
others. Usually when we talk about language acquisition, we refer to first
laguage acquisition. It is a process when a baby acquire their native language
or mother tongue. A child does not fluently speak his mother tongue in a short
time. He needs a process which goes step by step in acquiring it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are some stages in a
child’s language development. I may characterize the stages differently as any
you will find on other articles. However, I try to analyze them through my own
children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><b>Babbling and Cooing</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is the next stage after cooing.
Now the babies can produce a kind of vowel sound, for example “aaaaaaa”,
“ooooooo”. In further sub-stage, they will add consonants in them, for example
“babababa” and “mamamama”. This stage takes place at 3-9 months old. They
usually do this when they are in a relax condition or they invite someone to
speak or have a joke with them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: purple;">Single Words</span></b><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is also called the holophase
stage. It takes place when they are 10-13 months old. In this stage, they are
able to produce a single and a very simple word such as “mama”, “papa”. My
daugher, Filza, can say “mbah” which she meant as “simbah” (a javanese word
referring to grandma) when she was 11 months.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: purple;">Two Words</span></b><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This stage occurs in 18 months
old. Here they can produce two words. They usually mean them as a sentence but
not in a grammatically accepted one. It only consists of noun-noun,
verb-adverb, or noun-adverb. Filza in this stage used to say “mama endi?”
(where is mom?) and “dicokot Filza” (something is bitten by her). Of course she
did it not in a clear sound, but is was understandable for the people around
her.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: purple;"><b>Multi-word Sentences</b></span><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the age of 2, children will be
able to utter a sentence consisting of more than 2 words. Usually they are arranged better than in the
previous stage. The words are arranged as Subject-Verb, sometimes added by
adverb or adjective. Again, my daughter is in this age now. She can say, “Filza
cantik kayak mama” (Filza is the same beautiful as mom). In other situation,
she can even say “cepet ma, selak ditinggal papa” (hurry up mommy, daddy will
leave us). </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That's all a little thing I can share today. Thanks for reading this article.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: purple;">References</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><a href="http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/psycholinguistics.htm">http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/psycholinguistics.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/ss/early-childhood-development_5.htm">http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/ss/early-childhood-development_5.htm</a></span></div>
Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-42717931079294443402013-05-16T15:51:00.002-07:002016-11-28T00:50:34.226-08:00IMPROVING STUDENTS’ GRAMMAR IN WRITING USING PEER-CORRECTION METHOD <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Primanda Dewanti</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">English is taught in Junior High School in Indonesia as a foreign language. It has four skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Writing skill is an important part of communication. It is also an important part to learn for a seventh grader at the junior high school. Sometimes it becomes a big matter for some students to write something effectively. Most of them say that they cannot do it well. However, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">McKay in his article entitled <i>Why Writing Skills Are Important</i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> says that writing effectively is a skill that can be learned. It is quite very different from writing literary works such as poetry, prose, or drama which </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">are</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> said talent-based writing. It is just a matter for the teacher to find the right method to teach it well. Teaching writing in junior high school, especially in the seventh grade, can be started by applying the simple words and structure. It is quite necessary for the teacher to use almost the same words and structure with the ones in the conversation. From the </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">quotation</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> above, it can be concluded that it is possible to teach writing effectively in the school especially using the easy and affordable materials. If the words or sentence structure are not convenient to speak, it is better for us to use another one</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> in writing</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The next thing to discuss is about grammar. What is actually meant by grammar? Beverly Ann Chin in her article entitled<i> The Role of Grammar in Language Teaching</i> says that grammar is the sound, structure, and meaning system of language. Meanwhile, Vivian Cook in her article entitled <i>The Role of Grammar in Language Teaching</i> says “for what actually enables the dealers to communicate with each other but grammar. Every bid they make relies on the grammatical system of language; it is at the heart of the activity. As it is at the heart of all human activity - declaring war, writing a love poem or a prescription, sentencing a prisoner to life imprisonment, advertising soap powder, praying, whatever their difference of motivation or seriousness, all would effectively be impossible without grammar.” It is clear now that grammar is something fundamental in conveying the message we intend to say both in speaking and in writing process.</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Without a grammatically accepted written sentence, people sometimes will find it difficult to get what is conveyed by the others.</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Grammar is one of the most important elements in English because everything done in the language includes it. Someone cannot write meaningfully and correctly without applying the right grammar. It should be a working knowledge, so it must be comprehended automatically by all English learners</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Furthermore, in writing class, it is a suggested requirement for students to be able to apply the suitable grammar in his works. In SMP 20 Surakarta the passing grade for the writing skills is the same with the three other skills which are 75. The passing grade, which is said to be difficult to reach, will get harder to achieve without a complete understanding of grammar. Based on the genre-based approach, one of the genres taught here is the descriptive genre. Ideally, in learning this genre, the students are able to:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">write a grammatically accepted sentence constructed in the simple present tense. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">apply <i>to be/relational process correctly</i> to various models of sentences.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">apply the verb <i>have </i>and the other material processes correctly in various models of sentences.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">use some fundamental English articles such as <i>a, an,</i> and <i>the.</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">write the sentences with correct pronouns.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">write sentences with the right agreement between subject and verbs.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">However, grammar is something difficult for most of the students in </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">the school</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, including in the class the research is going to</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> be conducted</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Some grammar theories had been </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">presented</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> and taught.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> The students have also been given various exercise about it including in listening, speaking, reading and writing.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Still, they have poor knowledge, skill, and attitude about it. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It seems that it is difficult to apply what have been taught to them on the four skills. Writing becomes an interesting skill to be viewed because most of the students said that they get many difficulties in applying it. When the teacher asks them to write a paragraph, most of them cannot fulfill it well.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In junior High School, especially in the seventh grade, not all elements of grammar are taught. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Especially in the second semester of seventh grade in which they have to study descriptive genre, they are not forced to study many parts of grammar. Here, they are just required to master simple present tense, use to be and verbs, use the article and the word correctly. Again, those mentioned in the previous sentence are still difficult for most of the students. Sometimes they are good in comprehending a text and in answering the questions related to it but they cannot make a text with the similar genre and grammar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There are some causes going to be viewed by the researcher. The first is from the teacher’s point of view. Some teachers in Indonesia have</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> not</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> taught their students using the right method. Some of them apply the same method to all discussion. However, it can make the students bored and have no interest to study the language. Usually, all language skills and elements are taught in the </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">reading </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">form mostly. It</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> not enough because they also need to know and comprehend all included in the language, both from the decoding (listening and reading) and also from the encoding factor (speaking and writing). Another problem is that students’ competencies have been included in the curriculum. It is the teacher’s task to make a lesson plan and arrange the material based on the curriculum. However, some teachers do</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> no</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">t have enough time and encouragement to arrange it. They prefer to employ Student’s Worksheet (LKS) to teach. Consequently, they do</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> not</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> teach them based on the competence standards but just based on the worksheet.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The second causes are seen from the student’s point of view. Most of the students in the class come from elementary schools whose English teachers focus on </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">vocabulary only</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. It can be viewed that sometimes they </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">know</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> a word</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> meaning</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> correctly but</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> cannot apply it in a grammatically accepted sentence</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. It makes them have no good confidence in </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">writing</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> English. Besides, they also come from the middle to lower society whose exposure to the broad information is very limited.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Because of that, they just have a little knowledge of English. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The third point of view comes from the class condition. In the class, there are 32 students. Some of the</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">m</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> are active</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> in doing the exercises, including in writing,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> but most of them are not. Furthermore, there are few students who can be categorized as mischievous, which makes it more difficult to obtain the class attention. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Besides, due to the number of the students, it is difficult for the teacher to assess the students’ works carefully</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Another problem is that the class has no modern facilities, such as fan, LCD projector, pictures and notices related to English. Sometimes they cannot concentrate well due to the hot air. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The reality discourages some English teachers to </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">give them a proper explanation</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> in the class.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Every single problem must have its solution. In this case, some solutions can be applied to solve the problems. Learning </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">writing</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> u</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sing peer-correction</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="EN-GB">seems to be one of them.</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Peer-correction is a</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is a method of error correction where other students in the class correct mistakes in their worksheets. It hopefully by applying this method the students are able to understand the grammar better and can apply it to another new sentence. They are also hoped to be able to write a text, especially descriptive text, better that before. It is predictable that they may become more critical and increase their comprehension. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In relation to the number of the students mentioned above, peer-correction will be one of the solutions for the teacher. She does not need to assess all the students’ work. It does not mean that she will not include in the correction, but at least it reduces her job as well as increase the students’ knowledge. Here, the teacher is also supported to use her own material, not the ones taken from common students’ worksheet (LKS). </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The class condition should also be re-arranged. It is very important to make its condition to be contextual based on the topic being discussed. A student learning </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">simple present tense </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">will be more encouraged when </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">there is a sentence example hung on the class wall</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Some pictures and notices on the context can be applied as well as some tools</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, for example, the picture and description of a place or a person. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">When the teaching and learning process are in accordance with the indicators in the curriculum and the class context is clear, it will be easier to </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">gain the passing grade as well as the students’ competence. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">References</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chin, Beverly Ann. <i>The Role Of Grammar In Improving Student's Writing</i>. Available at <a href="http://www.uwplatt.edu/~ciesield/graminwriting.htm">http://www.uwplatt.edu/~ciesield/graminwriting.htm</a>. Accessed on March 28th, 2013.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cook, Vivian. <i>The Role of Grammar in Language Teaching</i>. Available at <a href="http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/Writings/Papers/GhentGrammar.htm">http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/Writings/Papers/GhentGrammar.htm</a>. Accessed on March 28th, 2013.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">McKay, Dawn Rosenberg. <i>Why Writing Skills Are Important</i>. Available at <a href="http://careerplanning.about.com/cs/miscskills/a/writing_skills.htm">http://careerplanning.about.com/cs/miscskills/a/writing_skills.htm</a>. Accessed on March 28th, 2013.</span></div>
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Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-22349545225689638732013-05-06T00:02:00.000-07:002013-05-06T00:02:02.186-07:00Educational Statistics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>I'm not good in Math.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">I decided to study in English Education program some years ago since I imagined that I would not meet any subject related to Math. In the first, second, third, and fourth semester I was right. I didn't meet it. However, in my fifth semester, everything changed. I met Math again although in different subject title: Statistics. </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">At that time, my beloved lecturer, Mr. Ngadiso, taught us to know more about Statistics manually. We counted every single formula using scientific calculator. We used to write the question delivered in English. So, you can imangine, guys, when we have to write the formula the square root of X exponent two bla bla bla and so on ^_^. It was very hard but I tried to understand it from the bottom of my heart. </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In the end of the class, I was so dissapointed by my own score. I only got 2,5 (C) on this subject. I thought I was unlucky. In learning it, I used to invite my friends to my boarding house to study together about it and I even became the first person who did the assignment, why did I just get C? Yes, I always did my assignment before the others and some of my friends copied my work. One of my friends didn't know how to use calculator, and even I told her how to apply the formula in it. Guess what? She got even a higher score than me. The only fault I made was when it was the final test on Statistics, I didn't have my previous worksheets with me. Meanwhile, some of my friends had the copies of my works. I knew this was my own mistake and I could not blame anyone about this. This was my carelessness. I was not tidy enough in managing my own papers. :'(</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAjQNFdoIIqIlMwZ9idOL_0G-UHTIJ3L0EziGozuYdAKtlU8gQGCcf4fdMpQR3qyVG6dMQEUbfuGcxfwdhOMVtGrxltHtRif_qDnTMojRJMiochv1qtrtyHdJCiXgDAJXZZD_7Oc5fAwQ/s1600/statistics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAjQNFdoIIqIlMwZ9idOL_0G-UHTIJ3L0EziGozuYdAKtlU8gQGCcf4fdMpQR3qyVG6dMQEUbfuGcxfwdhOMVtGrxltHtRif_qDnTMojRJMiochv1qtrtyHdJCiXgDAJXZZD_7Oc5fAwQ/s320/statistics.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, I decide to study again in the graduate program of English Education, the same program as I took for my undergraduate program. Now, I meet Statistics again. I find that it is easier now since we can apply Microsoft Excel in doing every single formula. Sometimes, I feel confused because I don't know how to apply it in a real research. However, it doesn't matter since I meet my former lecturer again, Mr. Ngadiso, who is very kind. ^_^</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">I don't wanna fail again in Statistics. Not now. I have to be able to get a better score (than my score in the undergraduate program)</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Have a nice day.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Primanda ^_^</span></div>
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Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-81923517740076234112013-05-05T05:35:00.000-07:002013-05-05T05:35:18.220-07:00DEVELOPING ENGLISH PHONEMIC CHART MULTIMEDIA TO TEACH PRONUNCIATION<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Primanda Dewanti</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">English is taught in junior high school in
Indonesia. One of the elements is pronunciation. Pronunciation takes an
important role in communication because it is a useful basis for a person to
understand what other people say. Ideally, in their first year of junior high
school, the students are able to pronounce every single word they have learned
correctly. It is based on some reasons. First, incorrect pronunciation may lead
into a misunderstanding. Kelly (2000: 11) says that a learner who consistently
mispronounces a range of phonemic can be extremely difficult for a speaker from
another language community to understand. Second, pronunciation is the first
elements for someone to know how good our English is. A person will be
considered as a good English speaker in the first impression from his
pronunciation. Grammar and vocabulary usually become secondarily noticed. From
the things mentioned above, it is now clear that pronunciation is very
significant in English. It is strongly suggested for every single student to
master it well from the very beginning they learn the language.</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In learning pronunciation, the students are
supposed to master some pronunciation elements. Firstly, they should be able to
pronounce a word correctly as the phonemic symbols written in English
dictionary. Secondly, they should be able to pronounce every single word in a
right stress. Every single word has a stress on its syllables. Stress can be
defined as an emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word. Lastly, they should be able to utter a
sentence in a good intonation. Intonation is variant of spoken pitch. It
indicates the speaker’s attitude and emotion.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Based on the three requirements above, it can
be concluded that the material for teaching pronunciation must be arranged as
well as possible. The media should provide words with phonemic symbols and
sounds. Phonemic symbols are needed to be included because they show how the
students have to pronounce the words based on the symbols. Meanwhile, sounds
are required as they provide the real voice of a word. Sounds provide something
that can be heard and imitated easily for the students. Furthermore, the media
also needs a word stress put on certain syllables of a word. Word stress is a crucial
thing in pronunciation. The position may depend on the certain rules. For
example, the stress of verbs is usually at the second syllable and the stress
of nouns is usually at the first syllable. However, word stress sometimes
becomes unpredictable and needs to study individually for every single word.
Lastly, the media should provide some full sentences with a good intonation.
Intonation expresses the speaker’s emotion and attitude. It also identifies a
grammatical structure. It is possible for a person to utter a statement, but by
using a question intonation the listener will understand that what he actually
means is giving a question.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Many English language learners usually pay
less attention to their pronunciation. In junior high school, pronunciation as
a part of speaking element is sometimes neglected as the process of teaching
and learning often focuses on reading comprehension, grammar, and vocabulary
mastery. Pronunciation is often viewed as less important than the other two
elements. It is due to the fact that the teacher seldom teaches them about it. English
class is sometimes full of working in a paper or textbook. In a reading class,
pronunciation is possible to be integratedly taught. However, only few teachers
are consistent to do the technique. The fact makes them neglect pronunciation.
In addition, some English teachers are not aware about the differences of
pronunciation between British and American English. Even, as models for the
students, they still pronounce every single word in an unproper pronunciation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The teaching and learning process of
pronunciation in SMP 20 Surakarta can be categorized into poor. The media used
is only students worksheet (LKS) whose contribution to pronunciation is very
small. The worksheet is employed due to its cheap price since most of the
students in the school come from middle-to-low society. Related to the teaching
and learning process, it only covers two languange skills; reading and writing.
It does not cover the other two skills; listening and speaking. It can be said
that the worksheet is not in line with the indicators written on the syllabus
since they are based on the four skills in English. Therefore, it is true that it
is quite necessary to provide and develop something meaningful to make their
pronunciation better. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">English phonemic chart multimedia is a media
going to be developed in this research. Multimedia is a very popular and easy-to-apply
media nowadays. It is a kind of machine-readable instructions that direct a
computer processor to perform a specific operation. Many language teachers
employ it as a help in developing teaching material. Phonemic chart multimedia is
something simpler to bring than a series of books for its light weight. It is
true that it needs notebook, LCD projector, and a loud speaker when applied in
the class but its contribution to the students’ pronunciation mastery is very valuable.
In addition, phonemic charts are choosen as they represent the sound of every
single English phonemic symbol. The chart contains all 44 sounds that make up
words in spoken English. It will be very useful for studying English
pronunciation. The phonemic symbol of the word will be the same with the ones
written on English dictionary but it will be easier to apply. In further
activity, phonemic charts can be elaborated into some activities, such as
drilling, games, and phonemic crosswords. It does not only help the students in
relation with pronunciation mastery but also help the teachers to provide a
better pronunciation. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-1014444777772113722013-05-05T01:29:00.000-07:002013-05-05T01:42:52.539-07:00THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PICTURE SETS TO TEACH WRITING VIEWED FROM THE STUDENTS’ INTELLIGENCE IN THE SEVENTH GRADERS OF SMP 20 SURAKARTA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> by Primanda Dewanti<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">English
is taught in junior high school in Indonesia. One of important skills is
writing. Writing skill is an important part of communication since people
frequently have to communicate each other in writing, for example a short
message, note, notice, etc. Furthermore,
writing helps our students learn. First, writing reinforces the
grammatical structures, idioms, and vocabulary that we have been teaching our
students. Second, when our students write, they also have a chance to be
adventorous with the language, to go beyond what they have just learned to say
and to take risk. Third, when they write, they necessarily become very involved
with the new language; the effort to express ideas and the constant use of eye,
hand, and brain are a unique ways to reinforce learning (Raimes, 1983: 3). When
the writers are writing something, they often discover something new to write
or a new way to express their ideas. It will take them to be able to find the
right word and the right sentence.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Students
of Junior High School are supported to be able to write effectively. In his
article entitled W<i>hy Writing Skills Are</i>
<i>Important</i>, McKay says that writing
effectively is a skill that can be learned. It is quite very different from
writing literary works such as poetry, prose, or drama which are said as talent-based
writing. It is just a matter for the teacher to find the right method to teach
it well. It can be said that students writing ability is influenced by the
teaching activity conducted by the teacher. In other words, it is important for
the teacher to apply an interesting method in conducting students’ writing
activity. There are some techniques that can be applied in the writing class.
One of them is picture sets. Picture is a very interesting object for students. Picture sets or picture in sequence provided
a variety of guided and free writing exercise. A picture sequence, such as a
comic strip, provides the subject matter for writing narrative and for
speculating about the story beyond the picture in the strip (Raimes, 1983: 36).
Picture is something drawn in a media and can be enjoyed every where. It is
easier to understand it than a notice or others communication media. An
interesting picture will stimulate the students to focus on the subject and
produce some meaningful sentences. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">In seventh
grade of SMP 20, writing is taught using textbook. Textbooks are employed
because they can be obtained easily. In using the media, the writing activity is
done under a set of rules provided by the book and led by the teacher. When the
media is applied in the class, some students are able to write a sentence
almost correctly. On the other way round, when the teacher does not allow them
to opne the book, it will be difficult for them to write. Most of them cannot
imagine what to write without checking the textbooks. Sometimes they make the
sentences almost same with the ones written on the textbooks. Another effect is
that they are not able to complete a writing task in the examination. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Besides
the teacher’s techniques which are extrinsic factors in teaching and learning
process, intrinsic factor such as intelligence also takes part in it. Intelligence
cannot be acquired artificially. When a teacher has applied the best techniques
she has, without students who are high in intelligence, it will be difficult
for her to teach easily and to help the students understand the process. According
to Gottfredson, L.S. (1997) as quoted by Wikipedia, intelligence is a very
general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to
reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn
quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning, a narrow
academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper
capability for comprehending our surroundings—"catching on,"
"making sense" of things, or "figuring out" what to do. In
other words, it can be said as the capacity or ability of someone in learning
something receptive and productive. Intelligence influences students’ writing
skill since they have to think abstractly when they are writing something. The
more intelligent the students are, the better writing product they can afford
to do. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">** Do you think that it is a good article? I wrote it for my Academic Writing assignment. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">** Do not "copas" this article for your assignment ^_^</span></div>
</div>
Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-75041665361569951602012-04-24T07:06:00.000-07:002012-04-24T07:06:09.904-07:00Verbal atau Nominal?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Kadang kita bingung mau memakai "to be" atau "do" dalam kalimat kita. Sebenarnya tergantung siapa sih? Tergantung pada Verbal atau Nominal. Kalau verbal, kata kerja bantu yang kita pilih adalah "do". Sebaliknyya jika kalimat kita nominal, maka yang kita pilih adalah "to be"</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Ini adalah contoh soal yang pernah saya buat. Silahkan dicoba..:)</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Fill in the blanks with “do,does,is,am,or are”!</div>
<ol start="1" style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">........ you practice
English with a native speaker?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">........ they good
employees in the company?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">........ Mrs. Reed fly to
Japan once a month?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">What ........... she mean?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">Who ........... the leader
of the team?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">What .......... the
manager’s name?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">The seminar ..............
not begin at 11.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">.............. the flight
cancelled?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">What time .............
the flight 987 leave?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">This .......... the first
place visit.</li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Oke, sudah selesai? Mari kita cek jawaban kita disini.</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
1. Do (lihat kata practice)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
2. Are (lihat kata employees)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
3. Does (lihat kata fly)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
4. Does (lihat kata mean)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
5. is (lihat kata the leader)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
6. is (lihat kata name)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
7. does (lihat kataa begin)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
8. is (lihat cancelled, kalau yang ini passive voice ya.....)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
9. does (lihat kata leave)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
10. is (lihat kata place)</div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Okay...terus semangat ya...:) </span><br />
</div>Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-20373747982157287442012-04-24T06:48:00.000-07:002012-04-24T06:48:04.529-07:00Contoh Teks "Descriptive"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>A DESCRIPTIVE TEXT EXAMPLE - MY HOUSE</b></span><div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
I
live in a small house. It has five rooms: there are two bedrooms, a
living room, a bathroom, and a kitchen. Indeed it is a small house; but I
like living in here for wasting my spare time.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
When the door is open, I can see the living room. It is so small with
only three chairs and a table, nothing else. I prefer reading a novel in
this room.<a name='more'></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
My
bedroom is in the left side of the living room. In this room there
is a night table next to the bed, a TV, a radio, and a computer. When
being bored of reading, I usually play online games, chat with my
friends via Facebook and so on. </div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
Next
to my bedroom is my mother's. I do not know what is inside because I
never come in to see it. In the right side of the living room there is
the kitchen. In the kitchen I have everything I need when I get
hungry. It is very pleasure when my mother cooks, the smell fills my
whole house.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
I know it is a very small house; but it is the best place I have ever seen. </div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8913165672146043645&postID=4582195749499569961" name="family"></a><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>A DESCRIPTIVE TEXT EXAMPLE - MY FAMILY</b></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
My family has four members: those are I, my sister, and parents of course.<br />
<br />
My mother is 47 years old. Her name's Anisa. She's thin-faced and she's
got long, blond hair and beautiful green eyes. She is still slim because
she always tries to stay in shape. She is very good-looking, always
well-dressed and elegant.<br />
<br />
My father, Lukman, is 5 years older than my mother. He is 52. In spite
of his age he's still black-haired, with several grey hairs. He has
bright blue eyes. He is quite tall, but a bit shorter than me. He's very
hard-working. Besides that he is working in a travel company. He can
even make a dinner when my mother is outside. His cooking and his meals
are always very tasty as well as my mothers'.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
Finally, my sister Nadina. She is 22. She is also red-haired and
green-eyed. She has long wavy hair and freckles. She is definitely
shorter than me. She is rather introverted. But she is very sensible,
smart and co-operative. Right now she is studying English and also knows
Arabic and Mandarin. I want to be so smart as she is.<br />
<br />
They all, except me, speak Sundanese very well, because we were living
in Bandung for 5 years. My sister have been going to primary school
there. Unfortunately I was only 3 when we were leaving to Jakarta, so I
can't speak Sundanese. Now we are happily living in Jakarta.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8913165672146043645&postID=4582195749499569961" name="cat"></a><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>A DESCRIPTIVE TEXT EXAMPLE - MY SPHYNX CAT</b></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.englishindo.com/2012/03/simple-descriptive-text-examples.html" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="sphynx cat"><img alt="descriptive text examples" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1AxOl1SRC-gCdDgJRmexhfQJBSNuV5txEC_SW9O3iSujDfRnQFYMShyphenhyphenAFinxGei8vwp6NBzj-RWmCYCgUBCAAp2Zh96-bfFG2gfbY634GJaw9CKdV2ZDJ0Bv824lgLmTkkxB6XYMJ2FQ/s200/descriptive-text-examples.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sphynx Cats</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">My Sphynx cat is the only pet I have. He has a little
hair but is not totally hairless as he has a peach fuzz over much of his
body. His coat is often a warm chamois. My Sphynx has a normal cat
proportion.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">I
like his tail although my mom say that it is like a rats tail. I love
his usual color varieties including, tortoiseshell, chocolate, black,
blue, lilac, chocolate etc. He is really an amazing cat. Believe it or
not, he is very intelligent cat. He can respond my voice commands.<br /><br />
He is really funny as well as my friends get a joke. I love him so much as I love my mother.
</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Sumber: http://www.englishindo.com/2012/03/simple-descriptive-text-examples.html<br />
<br />
</div>Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-43297212693419258232012-04-24T06:36:00.001-07:002012-04-24T06:37:16.823-07:00Common Internet Abbreviation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Semester ini saya diberi kesempatan untuk mengajar kelas D3 Akuntansi semester 2. Pagi ini, kelas kami sedang membahas tentang singkatan umum dari internet. Ini sebagian yang kami bahas..:)</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">HTH: Hope that helps</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">IMO: In my opinion</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">ASAP: As soon as possible</span><br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">BBL: Be back later</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">B/C: Because</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">BFN: Bye for now</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">CYO: See you online</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">FYI: For your information</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">GA: Go ahead</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">GBH: Great Big Hug</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">GL: Good luck</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">HF: Have Fun</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">GFY: Good for you</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">IOW: In other words</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">JAS : Just a second</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">NM: Never mind</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Selain itu para mahasiswa juga mencari singkatan yang lain. Ini senagian dari temuan mereka setelah browsing di internet.</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">BABTA: Below average brought to average</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">CoR: Combined ratio</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">FG: For Good</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">FNA: For necessary action</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">HQRP: High quality product for reasonable prices</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">LOE: Letter of Engagement</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">OL: Order Line</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">OTP: Offer to purchase</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">PAW: Piece of work</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">COD: Cash on delivery</span></div>
<div style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Wah..ternyata kreatif juga ya mereka browsing dari internet...</span></div>Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-58087060100955401332012-04-24T06:18:00.003-07:002012-04-24T06:19:48.455-07:00GERUND<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="color: purple; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Hello my friends.....saya menemukan artikel asli berbahasa Inggris tentang Gerund. Pasti teman-teman sudah sering mendengar istilah ini ya? Nah silahkan dibaca,sudah saya tambahin keterangan dalam bahasa Indonesia ya....</span></div>
<div style="color: purple; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: purple; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-size: small;">*******************************************</span></div>
<br />
<b> GERUND</b> is the “continuous form of a verb”.<br />
<br />
Read this sentence.<br />
<br />
. <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">Smoking</span> is prohibited here.<br />
<br />
The word “smoking” is formed from the verb smoke by adding –ing.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S3" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">You can see</a> that here in this sentence, the word “smoking” does the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">function</span> of a <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">subject</span> (Noun). So, it is a Verb-Noun.<br />
<br />
That is called Gerund.<br />
***************************************************************<br />
<div style="color: #274e13; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">Oke, jadi pendeknya Gerund adalah kata benda yang didapat dari Verb+ing.</span></b></div>
<br />
***************************************************************<br />
<br />
On many occasions the “continuous form of the verb” can be used as a noun.<br />
<br />
“Smoke” is <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S4" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">the simple</a> present-tense form.<br />
<br />
“Smoked” is the past-tense form of the verb “smoke”.<br />
<br />
“Smoking” is the continuous form of the verb “smoke”.<br />
<br />
Those continuous forms of many verbs can be used as nouns.<br />
<br />
Those nouns are called “verbal nouns”.<br />
<br />
“GERUND” is one of the two verbal nouns.<br />
<br />
<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">The other</span> verbal noun is “Infinitive”.<br />
<br />
We have seen the “Infinitive” in another section.<br />
<br />
Let us see “Gerund” now.<br />
<br />
A gerund is that form of the verb which ends in –ing and has the force of a noun and a verb. <br />
<br />
<b>1. A gerund is used as the subject of a verb (Gerund digunakan sebagai SUBYEK)</b><br />
<br />
<b><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7">Examples</span>:</b><br />
<br />
• Smoking is prohibited here. (Merokok dilarang disini)<br />
<br />
• <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">Reading</span> improves your knowledge. (Membaca memperbaiki pengetahuanmu)<br />
<br />
• Running behind a running-car is dangerous. (Berlari di belakang mobil yang sedang berjalan itu berbahaya)<br />
<br />
• Walking alone is what he likes the most. (Berjalan sendiri adalah hal yang paling dia suka)<br />
<br />
• Buying vegetables in that market is a difficult affair. (Membeli sayuran di pasar itu adalah hal yang sulit)<br />
<br />
• <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S8" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">Following</a> others is not advisable.(Mengikuti orang lain itu tidak disarankan)<br />
<br />
You can easily see that the subjects in all these sentences are in gerund forms.<br />
<br />
<b>2. A gerund is used as an object of a verb.</b> (Gerund digunakan sebagai OBYEK)<br />
<br />
<b>Examples:</b><br />
<br />
• Begin reading <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12">the book</span>. (Mulai membaca buku)<br />
<br />
• I like going for a walk. (Saya suka berjalan-jalan)<br />
<br />
• They prefer <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S1" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">buying online</a> rather offline. (Mereka lebih suka membeli secara online daripada offline)<br />
<br />
<b>3. Object of a preposition.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Examples:</b><br />
<br />
• <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S2" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">My neighbor</a> is good at <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10">breeding dogs</span>.<br />
<br />
• I am fond of eating sweets.<br />
<br />
• Before entering the room, please remove your foot-wear.<br />
<br />
<b>4. Complement of a verb.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Examples:</b><br />
<br />
• What I detest the most is drinking alcohol.<br />
<br />
• Seeing is not believing.<br />
<b>5. A gerund is used in the following construction.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Examples:</b><br />
<br />
• Nehru did a lot of reading.<br />
<br />
• We used to do a lot of writing when we were at school.<br />
<br />
<b>6. Only a gerund is used after the following verbs.</b><br />
<br />
Confess, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S5" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">imagine</a>, finish, practice, hinder, excuse, forgive, drop, stop, prevent, mind etc…<br />
<br />
<b>Examples:</b><br />
<br />
• Stop talking nonsense.<br />
<br />
• I could not help admiring the picture.<br />
<br />
• He did not mind waiting.<br />
<br />
• I can not imagine his doing like this.<br />
<br />
• They could not prevent her coming to the function.<br />
<br />
<b>7. Few verbs of sensation take the gerund-forms if the action of the verb is in progress.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Examples:</b><br />
<br />
• I saw him doing that work.<br />
<br />
• She felt an insect going up her leg.<br />
<br />
• <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11">Have you</span> ever heard a bird talking?<br />
<br />
<span style="color: green;"><b>NOTE-1:</b></span><br />
<br />
Compare the following two sentences.<br />
<br />
1. We expected his being admitted into the university. <br />
2. We expected him being admitted into the university.<br />
<br />
In the first sentence, the word preceding the gerund “being” is “his”. This is in the possessive case.<br />
<br />
While, in the second sentence, the word preceding the gerund “being” is “him”. This is in the objective case.<br />
<br />
Both the sentences are correct to convey the same meaning.<br />
<br />
So, we can use either possessive case or objective case before gerunds.<br />
<br />
<b>Examples:</b><br />
<br />
All depends on John/John’s coming in time.<br />
<br />
Your future depends on your uncle/your uncle’s meeting your educational expenses.<br />
<br />
I do not mind his/him sitting on this table.<br />
<br />
They insisted on my/me being present in the function.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: green;"><b>NOTE-2:</b></span><br />
<br />
As both the gerund and infinitive have the force of noun and a verb, they have the same uses.<br />
<br />
Thus, in many sentences either of them may be used without any special <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S0" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">difference</a> in meaning.<br />
<br />
<b>Examples:</b><br />
<br />
Teach me to swim. (Infinitive)<br />
Teach me swimming. (Gerund)<br />
Both these sentences convey the same meaning.<br />
<br />
To forgive is better than to punish. (Infinitive)<br />
Forgiving is better than punishing. (Gerund)<br />
Both these sentences convey the same meaning.<br />
<br />
<b><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">Exercises</span>:</b><br />
<br />
i. He is <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S9" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">interested in</a> <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9">becoming a</span> politician.<br />
<br />
ii. Imagine crossing the river.<br />
<br />
iii. We saw the lady running up the stairs.<br />
<br />
iv. A professor has to do a lot of reading.<br />
<br />
v. I do not like your risking <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S7" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">your life</a>.<br />
<br />
vi. Would you mind helping me?<br />
<br />
vii. I suggest his taking up the job immediately.<br />
<br />
viii. I do not deny his <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4721756578296243655" id="Y5643735S6" style="color: #000fff; text-decoration: underline;">speaking</a> well.<br />
<br />
ix. Do not postpone your learning Hindi.<br />
<br />
x. Speaking to your child few minutes a day will develop the rapport between your child and you.<br />
<br />
*************************************************************************<br />
<br />
Sumber: http://www.english-for-students.com/Gerund.html<br />
<br /></div>Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-40650831209964164722012-04-18T00:59:00.002-07:002012-04-18T00:59:40.266-07:00Tes TOEFL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #993399; font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;">Akhir-akhir ini marak sekali pembahasan tentang tes TOEFL. Berbagai perusahaan dan instansi pemerintah beramai-ramai mensyaratkan sertifikat TOEFL sebagai salah satu pendukung yang wajib ketika seorang pelamar melamar ke institusinya. Orang-orang pun ramai-ramai mencari cara bagaimana agar bisa mendapatkan sertifikat ini dengan skor yang memuaskan. <a name='more'></a>Bermacam-macam lembaga menawarkan tes ini, mulai dari yang dengan skor asli sampai dengan skor aspal (asli tapi palsu).Di kota Solo ini saja, ada berbagai nama lembaga, sebut saja ELTI, LIA, LTI, Solocom, IEC dan lain-lain....(banyak banget soalnya).</span><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #993399; font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;">lembaga apa yang paling bagus untuk mengikuti tes TOEFL?</span><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #993399; font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;">Beberapa waktu yang lalu, saya datang ke salah satu lembaga di atas untuk menanyakan biaya tes TOEFL. Salah seorang staf menemui saya. Dia menawarkan program yang sangat menggiurkan bahwa ketika saya mengikuti tes di lembaga tersebut, saya tidak perlu khawatir. Kenapa? karena saya pasti mendapat skor yang tinggi (dengan embel-embel biaya 250 ribu saja). Wah...lembaga ini ga melek info apa ya... (saya berpikir begitu karena saya sedikit banyak tahu se-valid apa tesnya). </span><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #993399; font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;">Kemudian saya berpindah ke lembaga yang lain. Disini, mungkin sedikit lebih baik dari yang pertama tadi, harga sekali tes hanya 125 ribu. Menariknya mbak resepsionis sama sekali tudak menawarkan skor tinggi seperti yang pertama tadi. Akhirnya saya join tes disana. Hasilnya pun tidak terlalu mengecewakan.</span><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #993399; font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;">Apakah tes-tes tadi merupakan tes TOEFL yang sebenarnya?</span><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #993399; font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;">Jawabannya adalah TIDAK. Itu hanya tes "serupa" saja, bisa disebut TOEFL Like atau TOEFL prediction. Setahu saya, di Solo ini hanya ada satu lembaga yang benar-benar di lisensi oleh ETS (Educational Testing Service-pemegang merk TOEFL) yaitu sebuah Language Center milik sebuah universitas negri di Solo ini (kalau ga tau kebangetan). Soal dan lembar jawabnya pun dikirim dari Jakarta. Hasil tes juga dikirim ke Jakarta lagi. Mungkin itu sebabnya tes ini membutuhkan kuota minimal untuk diadakan. Biaya yang diperlukan adalah 30 USD atau sekitar 300 ribu, tergantung kurs dollar pada hari tes. Soal yang sudah dipakai untuk tes tidak akan dipakai lagi (kalau tidak salah sih terus dibakar). Sungguh berbedaa dengan lembaga lain yang soalnya bisa dipakai berulang-ulang, jadi kalau ikut berkali-kali pasti tambah banyak skornya...</span> <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #993399; font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;">Sekarang tinggal kita yang memilih, pilih yang asli atau palsu?</span><br />
<span style="color: #993399;"><span style="font-family: courier new;"></span></span></div><span style="color: #993399;"><span style="font-family: courier new;"><br />
</span></span></div>Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-44805889694375492432012-04-18T00:58:00.000-07:002012-12-30T00:03:25.747-08:00Do You Like "Mie"?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
Several years ago, I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">went</span> to Malioboro with my mom. We <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">saw</span><span style="color: #990000;"> </span>many things in some store there. Being hungry, we <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">came</span> to a food court. I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">ordered</span> fried noodle and meatball for my mom. We <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">saw</span> a foreigner sitting alone. He was eating a plate of fried noodle. My mom<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> <span style="color: #990000;">told</span></span> me that she would give me a book as present if I could invite him to have a chat with me. I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">came</span> to his table carefully.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
"Excuse me, do you like <span style="font-style: italic;">mie</span>?" I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">said</span>.<br />
<br />
He <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">looked</span> so confused and <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">answered</span> "Pardon?"<br />
<br />
"Do you like <span style="font-style: italic;">mie</span>?" I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">repeated</span> my question slowly.<br />
<br />
"Yes, of course I like you, sweet girl. Specially, because you are brave enough to ask me whether I like you."<br />
<br />
I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">was</span> a little bit confused with his long answer. In the next second, I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">was surprised</span>. It <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">wasn't</span> the answer that I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">hoped</span>.<br />
<br />
"No......! Not me..........but <span style="font-style: italic;">mie</span>!" I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">said</span> while pointing to his noodle.<br />
<br />
"Oh... this is called noodle" he <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">said</span><span style="color: #990000;"> </span>slowly and calmly.<br />
<br />
From that moment on, I <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">knew</span> that the English word for <span style="font-style: italic;">mie</span> is <span style="font-style: italic;">noodle</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
*** Pay attention to the bold words in different color.<br />
What tense is being applied here?<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #990000;">Answer: The Simple Past Tense</span></div>
Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-86687525387815087522012-04-18T00:57:00.000-07:002012-04-18T00:57:00.193-07:00The Simple Present Tense<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #990000;">The Simple Present Tense</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan atau aktivitas harian pada masa sekarang. Tense ini juga digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum. </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Formulasi kalimat model tense ini adalah <span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="color: #990000;">S+V1</span></span>. <span style="color: red; font-style: italic;">V1 (Verb 1)</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a> adalah kata kerja bentuk pertama atau bisa juga disebut <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">present verbs</span>. Perlu diingat bahwa jika V1 ini bersanding dengan <span style="color: #006600;">subyek tunggal</span> seperti <span style="color: #990000; font-size: 180%;">He, She, It</span> maka perlu ditambah imbuhan <span style="color: #990000; font-size: 180%;">s/es</span> (jadinya <span style="color: #990000; font-size: 180%;">V1+s/es</span>). Namun jika bersanding dengan subyek <span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="color: #990000;">I, You, We, They</span></span>, tidak usah ditambahkan apa-apa. Okay?<br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Contoh kebiasaan/aktivitas harian:</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">1.<span style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="color: #990000;">I go to school everyday</span></span> (Saya pergi ke sekolah tiap hari---- ini contoh yang paling gampang heheee....)</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">2. <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">My mother makes a cake every Sunday</span> (Ibuku membuat kue tiap hari Minggu)</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">3. <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">My father always gives me some money in the morning</span> (Ayahku selalu memberiku uang tiap pagi)</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Adverb yang digunakan tentu saja yang artinya menunjukkan suatu keteraturan, seperti:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Always</span> (selalu)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Every morning</span> (tiap pagi)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Every Sunday, on Sundays</span> (tiap hari Minggu)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Once a week</span> (sekali dalam seminggu)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">twice a month</span> (dua kali sebulan)</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">etc</span><br />
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Contoh kebenaran umum:</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">The sun rises from the east</span> (matahari terbit dari timur)</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">2. <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">The sun sets in the west</span> (matahari tenggelam di barat)</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Contoh yang lain silahkan cari sendiri ya teman-teman :)</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Berikut contoh text dengan kalimat simple present tense:</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #6600cc;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Naomi <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">is</span> my friend. She <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">is</span> a new student in my school. She <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">comes</span> from Jakarta. She <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">is</span> a beautiful girl. She <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">has</span> a long hair and always <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">wears</span> a hairband. She <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;"> has</span><span style="font-style: italic;"> a pointed nose. She </span><span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">speaks</span> English well. She <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">is</span> very clever and everybody <span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">loves</span> her.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #6600cc; font-family: trebuchet ms; font-size: 130%;">Okay teman-teman, sudah dulu ya. Semoga postingan ini bermanfaat :)<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Wait for my next post!</span></span></div>Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-78107897847743632702012-04-17T22:09:00.001-07:002012-04-18T00:37:16.729-07:00Some and Any<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>Hello class!!!!!!</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>I'm very much interested to share about Some and Any because for all this time, I've found that not all persons understand about it.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>Some/Any followed by Uncountable Nouns means "sedikit".</b></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>eg. some water</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> some milk</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> some oil</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> any rice</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> any money</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> any coffee</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>SOME is usually used in positive sentences, while ANY is used in negative and interrogative sentences.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>(+) I have some money.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>(-) I don't have any money.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>(?) Do I have any money?</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>Some/Any followed by Countable Nouns means "beberapa".</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>eg. some people</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> some books</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> any tables</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> any pens</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>We usually use SOME when we offer or ask for something.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>For example:</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>1. Would you like to drink some coffee?</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> (maukah Anda minum kopi?)</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>2. Could you give me some water?</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> (bisakah Anda memberi saya air?)</b></span><br />
<br />
</div>Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4721756578296243655.post-10028693852370137632012-04-17T21:56:00.001-07:002012-04-18T00:37:38.864-07:00Introduction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">GOLD morning guys....</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Let me introduce myself. My name is Primanda, but usually my students call me Ms. Manda. I'm originally Yogyanese. Now I live with my husband and children in Solo, 75km from Yogya.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I have loved English very much since I was in elementary school. I didn't have many opportunities to</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> study it, unlike you now. But I thank God very much because I was given the chance to study about it several years ago in Sebelas Maret University....</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Here, I'll try to share my knowledge to you all guys... I hope it can be useful, for you and me....:)</span></div>Primandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15283797845219399142noreply@blogger.com0